https://www.cyberkashif.com/tags/router-vs-switch/Recent content in Router vs Switch on Mohd Kashif | SOC AnalystHugoenSun, 26 Jul 2026 10:30:10 +0530https://www.cyberkashif.com/posts/tcp-handshake-vpn-dns-poisoning-apt-guide/Sun, 26 Jul 2026 10:30:10 +0530https://www.cyberkashif.com/posts/tcp-handshake-vpn-dns-poisoning-apt-guide/<h1 id="networking--security-fundamentals"> Networking &amp; Security Fundamentals <a class="heading-link" href="#networking--security-fundamentals"> <i class="fa-solid fa-link" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to heading"></i> <span class="sr-only">Link to heading</span> </a> </h1> <hr> <h2 id="ip-address-basics"> IP Address Basics <a class="heading-link" href="#ip-address-basics"> <i class="fa-solid fa-link" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to heading"></i> <span class="sr-only">Link to heading</span> </a> </h2> <p>An IP address is a <strong>unique numerical identifier</strong> assigned to every device on a network.</p> <ul> <li>Communication occurs through <strong>IP packets</strong>.</li> <li>Data is broken into packets, sent, and reassembled at the destination.</li> <li>Each packet has a <strong>header</strong> (control info) and <strong>payload</strong> (data).</li> </ul> <p><strong>Encapsulation Process:</strong><br> Data moves down the OSI stack → each layer adds its own header (Ethernet, IP, TCP, Application).</p>